Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus, sentence 15
Komodo dragons, the biggest lizards alive at up to 3 metres, have venom glands in their jaws; people long thought they killed with germs in dirty spit, until venom was reported in 2009.
Who acts: Komodo dragons, people · What happens: have, think, kill, report · To what, where: venom glands, jaws, venom, 2009 · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Komodo dragons, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Komodo | Komodo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 dragons | compound |
| 2 | dragons | dragon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 have | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 dragons | punct |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 lizards | det |
| 5 | biggest | big | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 6 lizards | amod |
| 6 | lizards | lizard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 dragons | appos |
| 7 | alive | alive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 lizards | amod |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 12 metres | case |
| 9 | up | up | ADP | _ | 8 at | fixed |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 metres | case |
| 11 | 3 | 3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 metres | nummod |
| 12 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 alive | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 have | punct |
| 14 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | venom | venom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 glands | compound |
| 16 | glands | gland | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 have | obj |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 jaws | case |
| 18 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 jaws | nmod:poss |
| 19 | jaws | jaw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 have | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 thought | punct |
| 21 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 thought | nsubj |
| 22 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 23 thought | advmod |
| 23 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 have | parataxis |
| 24 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 killed | nsubj |
| 25 | killed | kill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 thought | ccomp |
| 26 | with | with | ADP | _ | 27 germs | case |
| 27 | germs | germ | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 killed | obl |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 spit | case |
| 29 | dirty | dirty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 spit | amod |
| 30 | spit | spit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 germs | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 reported | punct |
| 32 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 35 reported | mark |
| 33 | venom | venom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 reported | nsubj:pass |
| 34 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 reported | aux:pass |
| 35 | reported | report | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 have | conj |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 2009 | case |
| 37 | 2009 | 2009 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 35 reported | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 have | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Komodo dragons | venom glands | dragons's jaws | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gland=Patient | |||
| 2 | think speech: other | past | people | long property | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 3 | kill | past | people | with germs in dirty spit | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | report | past · passive | venom | 2009 | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/15/