Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus, sentence 2
Venom is mostly for catching food fast, and for defence: a slow cone snail must stop a fast fish at once, and a box jellyfish must stop a fish before it tears its delicate tentacles.
Who acts: Venom, slow cone snail, box jellyfish · What happens: be, stop, tear · To what, where: fast fish, fish, delicate tentacles
This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Venom, slow cone snail, box jellyfish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Venom | venom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 catching | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 catching | cop |
| 3 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 5 catching | advmod |
| 4 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 5 catching | mark |
| 5 | catching | catch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 catching | obj |
| 7 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 5 catching | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 defence | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 defence | cc |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 11 defence | case |
| 11 | defence | defence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 catching | obl |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 stop | punct |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 snail | det |
| 14 | slow | slow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 snail | amod |
| 15 | cone | cone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 snail | compound |
| 16 | snail | snail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 stop | nsubj |
| 17 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 stop | aux |
| 18 | stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 defence | conj |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 fish | det |
| 20 | fast | fast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 fish | amod |
| 21 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 stop | obj |
| 22 | at | at | ADP | _ | 23 once | case |
| 23 | once | once | ADV | _ | 18 stop | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 stop | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 stop | cc |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 jellyfish | det |
| 27 | box | box | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 jellyfish | compound |
| 28 | jellyfish | jellyfish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 stop | nsubj |
| 29 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 stop | aux |
| 30 | stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 stop | conj |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 fish | det |
| 32 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 stop | obj |
| 33 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 35 tears | mark |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 tears | nsubj |
| 35 | tears | tear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 stop | advcl |
| 36 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 tentacles | nmod:poss |
| 37 | delicate | delicate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 tentacles | amod |
| 38 | tentacles | tentacle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 tears | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 catching | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Venom | for defence; catch, fast, mostly property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | stop | must | a slow cone snail | a fast fish | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector fish=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | stop | must | a box jellyfish | a fish | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality fish=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | tear | present | Venom | Venom's delicate tentacles | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location tentacle=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/2/