Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus, sentence 3

Many venomous animals warn before they strike, the way a cobra spreads its hood, because a fight is risky and venom is costly to make.

Who acts: Many venomous animals, tentacles, cobra, fight, venom · What happens: warn, strike, spread, be, make · To what, where: way, hood

This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many venomous animals, tentacles, cobra, fight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 animals	amod
2	venomous	venomous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 animals	amod
3	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 warn	nsubj
4	warn	warn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	before	before	SCONJ	_	7 strike	mark
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 strike	nsubj
7	strike	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 warn	advcl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 strike	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 way	det
10	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 warn	obl:unmarked
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 cobra	det
12	cobra	cobra	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 spreads	nsubj
13	spreads	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 way	acl:relcl
14	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 hood	nmod:poss
15	hood	hood	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 spreads	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 risky	punct
17	because	because	SCONJ	_	21 risky	mark
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 fight	det
19	fight	fight	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 risky	nsubj
20	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 risky	cop
21	risky	risky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 warn	advcl
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 costly	cc
23	venom	venom	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 costly	nsubj
24	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 costly	cop
25	costly	costly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 risky	conj
26	to	to	PART	_	27 make	mark
27	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 costly	advcl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 warn	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	warn speech: warn	present	Many venomous animals	the way		vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent
2	strike	present	tentacles = tentacle			vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	spread	present	a cobra	animal's hood		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hood=Theme
4	is	present	a fight		risky property	tree rules
5	is	present	venom		costly property	tree rules
6	make	to-infinitive	venom not said here			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/3/