Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus, sentence 7

Box jellyfish have tentacles covered in tiny stinging cells that fire like harpoons, and lifeguards in Australia pour vinegar on the stings to stop the unfired cells.

Who acts: Box jellyfish, tiny stinging cells, lifeguards · What happens: have, cover, fire, pour, stop · To what, where: tentacles, vinegar, stings, unfired cells

This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Box jellyfish, tiny stinging cells, lifeguards), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Box	box	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 jellyfish	compound
2	jellyfish	jellyfish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	tentacles	tentacle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj
5	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 tentacles	acl
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 cells	case
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 cells	amod
8	stinging	stinging	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cells	compound
9	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 covered	obl
10	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 fire	nsubj
11	fire	fire	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 cells	acl:relcl
12	like	like	ADP	_	13 harpoons	case
13	harpoons	harpoon	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 fire	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 pour	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 pour	cc
16	lifeguards	lifeguard	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 pour	nsubj
17	in	in	ADP	_	18 Australia	case
18	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 lifeguards	nmod
19	pour	pour	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 have	conj
20	vinegar	vinegar	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 pour	obj
21	on	on	ADP	_	23 stings	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 stings	det
23	stings	sting	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 pour	obl
24	to	to	PART	_	25 stop	mark
25	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 pour	advcl
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 cells	det
27	unfired	unfired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 cells	amod
28	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 stop	obj
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	present	Box jellyfish	tentacles			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tentacle=Patient
2	cover	participle		tentacles not said here		in tiny stinging cells	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in cell=Theme
3	fire	present	tiny stinging cells			like harpoons	vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	pour	present	lifeguards in Australia	vinegar	the stings		vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vinegar=Patient
5	stop	to-infinitive	lifeguards in Australia not said here	the unfired cells			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality cell=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/7/