Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus, sentence 8
A cobra spreads its hood by stretching long ribs in its neck as a warning, and some cobras spit venom at an attacker's eyes from about two metres away.
Who acts: cobra, hood, cobras · What happens: spread, stretch, spit · To what, where: hood, long ribs, venom, eyes
This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cobra, hood, cobras), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 cobra | det |
| 2 | cobra | cobra | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 spreads | nsubj |
| 3 | spreads | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 hood | nmod:poss |
| 5 | hood | hood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 spreads | obj |
| 6 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 7 stretching | mark |
| 7 | stretching | stretch | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 hood | acl |
| 8 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 ribs | amod |
| 9 | ribs | rib | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 stretching | obj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 neck | case |
| 11 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 neck | nmod:poss |
| 12 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 ribs | nmod |
| 13 | as | as | ADP | _ | 15 warning | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 warning | det |
| 15 | warning | warning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 stretching | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 spit | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 spit | cc |
| 18 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 19 cobras | det |
| 19 | cobras | cobra | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 spit | nsubj |
| 20 | spit | spit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 spreads | conj |
| 21 | venom | venom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 spit | obj |
| 22 | at | at | ADP | _ | 26 eyes | case |
| 23 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 attacker | det |
| 24 | attacker | attacker | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 25 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 24 attacker | case |
| 26 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 spit | obl |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 metres | case |
| 28 | about | about | ADV | _ | 29 two | advmod |
| 29 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 30 metres | nummod |
| 30 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 away | obl |
| 31 | away | away | ADV | _ | 3 spreads | advmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 spreads | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spread | present | a cobra | cobra's hood | away property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hood=Theme | |||
| 2 | stretch | gerund | cobra's hood not said here | long ribs | as a warning; in cobra's neck | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent rib=Patient in neck=Topic | |||
| 3 | spit | present | some cobras | venom | a attacker's eyes | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent venom=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/8/