Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus, sentence 9

Male platypuses have venom spurs on their back legs for fights with other males; the venom can cause terrible pain for weeks but has never been known to kill a person, and the platypus is one of very few venomous mammals.

Who acts: Male platypuses, venom, platypus · What happens: have, cause, not know, kill, be · To what, where: venom spurs, back legs, terrible pain, person, one

This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Male platypuses, venom, platypus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 platypuses	amod
2	platypuses	platypus	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	venom	venom	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 spurs	compound
5	spurs	spur	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj
6	on	on	ADP	_	9 legs	case
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 legs	nmod:poss
8	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 legs	compound
9	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 spurs	nmod
10	for	for	ADP	_	11 fights	case
11	fights	fight	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obl
12	with	with	ADP	_	14 males	case
13	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 males	amod
14	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 fights	nmod
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 cause	punct
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 venom	det
17	venom	venom	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 cause	nsubj
18	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	19 cause	aux
19	cause	cause	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 have	parataxis
20	terrible	terrible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 pain	amod
21	pain	pain	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 cause	obj
22	for	for	ADP	_	23 weeks	case
23	weeks	week	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 cause	obl
24	but	but	CCONJ	_	28 known	cc
25	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 known	aux
26	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	28 known	advmod
27	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	28 known	aux:pass
28	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	19 cause	conj
29	to	to	PART	_	30 kill	mark
30	kill	kill	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	28 known	xcomp
31	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	32 person	det
32	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 kill	obj
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 one	punct
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 one	cc
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 platypus	det
36	platypus	platypus	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 one	nsubj
37	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 one	cop
38	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	19 cause	conj
39	of	of	ADP	_	43 mammals	case
40	very	very	ADV	_	41 few	advmod
41	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 mammals	amod
42	venomous	venomous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 mammals	amod
43	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 one	nmod
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Male platypuses	venom spurs	platypuses's back legs		for fights with other males	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spur=Patient
2	cause	can	the venom	terrible pain		week		vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pain=Patient
3	not know	present · perfect · passive	the venom not said here					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: clause=Stimulus
4	kill	to-infinitive	the venom not said here	a person				vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Theme
5	is a	present	the platypus	one			of few venomous mammals	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/9/