Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics, sentence 5
Poison dart frogs have poison in their skin and bright colours that warn predators; in the wild they get the poison from ants and mites they eat, so zoo frogs fed on crickets are not poisonous.
Who acts: Poison dart frogs, bright colours, frogs, zoo frogs · What happens: have, warn, get, eat, feed, not be · To what, where: poison, skin, predators, wild, ants, zoo frogs
This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Poison dart frogs, bright colours, frogs, zoo frogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Poison | poison | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 frogs | compound |
| 2 | dart | dart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 frogs | compound |
| 3 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 have | nsubj |
| 4 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | poison | poison | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 have | obj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 skin | case |
| 7 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 skin | nmod:poss |
| 8 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 have | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 colours | cc |
| 10 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 colours | amod |
| 11 | colours | colour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 skin | conj |
| 12 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 warn | nsubj |
| 13 | warn | warn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 colours | acl:relcl |
| 14 | predators | predator | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 warn | obj |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 get | punct |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 wild | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 wild | det |
| 18 | wild | wild | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 get | obl |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 get | nsubj |
| 20 | get | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 have | parataxis |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 poison | det |
| 22 | poison | poison | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 get | obj |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 ants | case |
| 24 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 poison | nmod |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 mites | cc |
| 26 | mites | mite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 ants | conj |
| 27 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 eat | nsubj |
| 28 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 ants | acl:relcl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 frogs | punct |
| 30 | so | so | ADV | _ | 38 poisonous | advmod |
| 31 | zoo | zoo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 frogs | compound |
| 32 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 poisonous | nsubj |
| 33 | fed | feed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 frogs | acl |
| 34 | on | on | ADP | _ | 35 crickets | case |
| 35 | crickets | cricket | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 fed | obl |
| 36 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 poisonous | cop |
| 37 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 38 poisonous | advmod |
| 38 | poisonous | poisonous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 have | conj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 have | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Poison dart frogs | poison | frogs's skin and bright colours | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poison=Patient | |||
| 2 | warn speech: warn | present | bright colours | predators | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent predator=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | get | present | frogs = frog | the poison | the wild | from ants and mites | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent poison=Theme from ant=Source | ||
| 4 | eat | present | frogs = frog | ants and mites not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ant=Patient | ||||
| 5 | feed | participle | zoo frogs not said here | on crickets | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on cricket=Patient | ||||
| 6 | not is | present | zoo frogs | poisonous property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/5/