Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics, sentence 6
The golden poison frog of Colombia carries enough poison to kill about ten people, and some peoples there wiped blowgun darts on its back for hunting, without hurting the frog, which is how the frogs got their name.
Who acts: golden poison frog, peoples, frog, frogs · What happens: carry, kill, wipe, hurt, be, name · To what, where: enough poison, ten people, blowgun darts, back, frog
This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (golden poison frog, peoples, frog, frogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 frog | det |
| 2 | golden | golden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 frog | amod |
| 3 | poison | poison | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 frog | compound |
| 4 | frog | frog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 carries | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 Colombia | case |
| 6 | Colombia | Colombia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 frog | nmod |
| 7 | carries | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | enough | enough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 poison | amod |
| 9 | poison | poison | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 carries | obj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 kill | mark |
| 11 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 poison | acl |
| 12 | about | about | ADV | _ | 13 ten | advmod |
| 13 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 people | nummod |
| 14 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 kill | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 wiped | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 wiped | cc |
| 17 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 18 peoples | det |
| 18 | peoples | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 wiped | nsubj |
| 19 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 18 peoples | advmod |
| 20 | wiped | wipe | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 carries | conj |
| 21 | blowgun | blowgun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 darts | compound |
| 22 | darts | dart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 wiped | obj |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 25 back | case |
| 24 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 back | nmod:poss |
| 25 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 wiped | obl |
| 26 | for | for | ADP | _ | 27 hunting | case |
| 27 | hunting | hunting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 wiped | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 hurting | punct |
| 29 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 30 hurting | mark |
| 30 | hurting | hurt | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 wiped | advcl |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 frog | det |
| 32 | frog | frog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 hurting | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 got | punct |
| 34 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 got | nsubj |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 got | cop |
| 36 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 39 got | advmod |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 frogs | det |
| 38 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 got | nsubj |
| 39 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 frog | acl:relcl |
| 40 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 name | nmod:poss |
| 41 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 got | obj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 carries | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | carry | present | the golden poison frog of Colombia | enough poison | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poison=Theme | ||||
| 2 | kill | to-infinitive | the golden poison frog of Colombia not said here | ten people | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme | ||||
| 3 | wipe | past | some peoples | blowgun darts | poison's back | for hunting | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent dart=Theme on back=Trajectory | ||
| 4 | hurt | gerund | some peoples not said here | the frog | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer frog=Patient | ||||
| 5 | is | present | the frog | get property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | name | frogs = frog | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/6/