Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics, sentence 7

Monarch caterpillars eat milkweed, keep its poison in their bodies, and birds that eat a monarch get sick and learn to avoid orange and black butterflies; the viceroy looks very similar and also tastes bad, so they share the warning.

Who acts: Monarch caterpillars, birds, viceroy · What happens: eat, keep, get, learn, avoid, look · To what, where: milkweed, poison, bodies, monarch, orange butterflies, warning

This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Monarch caterpillars, birds, viceroy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Monarch	monarch	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 caterpillars	compound
2	caterpillars	caterpillar	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 eat	nsubj
3	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	milkweed	milkweed	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eat	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 keep	punct
6	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 eat	conj
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 poison	nmod:poss
8	poison	poison	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 keep	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 bodies	case
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 bodies	nmod:poss
11	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 keep	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 get	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 get	cc
14	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 get	nsubj
15	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 eat	nsubj
16	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 birds	acl:relcl
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 monarch	det
18	monarch	monarch	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 eat	obj
19	get	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 eat	conj
20	sick	sick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 get	xcomp
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 learn	cc
22	learn	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 get	conj
23	to	to	PART	_	24 avoid	mark
24	avoid	avoid	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 learn	xcomp
25	orange	orange	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 butterflies	amod
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 black	cc
27	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 orange	conj
28	butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 avoid	obj
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	32 looks	punct
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 viceroy	det
31	viceroy	viceroy	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 looks	nsubj
32	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 eat	parataxis
33	very	very	ADV	_	34 similar	advmod
34	similar	similar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 looks	xcomp
35	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 tastes	cc
36	also	also	ADV	_	37 tastes	advmod
37	tastes	taste	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 looks	conj
38	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 tastes	xcomp
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 share	punct
40	so	so	ADV	_	42 share	advmod
41	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	42 share	nsubj
42	share	share	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 looks	conj
43	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	44 warning	det
44	warning	warning	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 share	obj
45	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 eat	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	eat	present	Monarch caterpillars	milkweed			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milkweed=Patient
2	keep	present	Monarch caterpillars not said here	milkweed's poison	caterpillars's bodies		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent poison=Theme in body=Location
3	eat	present	birds	a monarch			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent monarch=Patient
4	get	present	birds			sick property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
5	learn	present	birds not said here				vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
6	avoid	to-infinitive	birds not said here	orange butterflies			vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent butterfly=Location
7	look	present	the viceroy			similar property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
8	taste	present	the viceroy not said here			bad property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
9	share	present	birds = bird	the warning			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/7/