Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour, sentence 15

Crabs raise their claws to look bigger, male fiddler crabs wave one giant claw, and many crabs can grow back a lost claw over several moults.

Who acts: Crabs, male fiddler crabs, many crabs · What happens: raise, look, wave, grow back, lose · To what, where: claws, one giant claw, lost claw, several moults

This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Crabs, male fiddler crabs, many crabs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crabs	crab	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 raise	nsubj
2	raise	raise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 claws	nmod:poss
4	claws	claw	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 raise	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 look	mark
6	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 raise	advcl
7	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 look	xcomp
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 wave	punct
9	male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 crabs	amod
10	fiddler	fiddler	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 crabs	compound
11	crabs	crab	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 wave	nsubj
12	wave	wave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 raise	conj
13	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 claw	nummod
14	giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 claw	amod
15	claw	claw	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 wave	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 grow	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 grow	cc
18	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 crabs	amod
19	crabs	crab	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 grow	nsubj
20	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	21 grow	aux
21	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 wave	conj
22	back	back	ADV	_	21 grow	advmod
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 claw	det
24	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	25 claw	amod
25	claw	claw	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 grow	obj
26	over	over	ADP	_	28 moults	case
27	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 moults	amod
28	moults	moult	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 grow	obl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 raise	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	raise	present	Crabs	Crabs's claws			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claw=Theme
2	look	to-infinitive	Crabs not said here			big property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
3	wave	present	male fiddler crabs	one giant claw			vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claw=Patient
4	grow back	can	many crabs	a lost claw	several moults		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location claw=Theme
5	lose	participle					vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/15/