Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour, sentence 14

The horned lizard squirts blood from its eyes, sometimes over a metre, at dogs and coyotes; the blood tastes nasty to dogs but not to birds, so it uses this only against dog-like enemies.

Who acts: horned lizard, blood · What happens: squirt, taste, use · To what, where: blood, eyes, dogs, this

This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horned lizard, blood), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 lizard	det
2	horned	horn	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 lizard	amod
3	lizard	lizard	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 squirts	nsubj
4	squirts	squirt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 squirts	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 eyes	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 eyes	nmod:poss
8	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 squirts	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 metre	punct
10	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	13 metre	advmod
11	over	over	ADP	_	13 metre	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 metre	det
13	metre	metre	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 blood	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 dogs	punct
15	at	at	ADP	_	16 dogs	case
16	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 squirts	obl
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 coyotes	cc
18	coyotes	coyote	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 dogs	conj
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 tastes	punct
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 blood	det
21	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 tastes	nsubj
22	tastes	taste	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 squirts	parataxis
23	nasty	nasty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 tastes	xcomp
24	to	to	ADP	_	25 dogs	case
25	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 tastes	obj
26	but	but	CCONJ	_	29 birds	cc
27	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	29 birds	advmod
28	to	to	ADP	_	29 birds	case
29	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 dogs	conj
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 uses	punct
31	so	so	ADV	_	33 uses	advmod
32	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	33 uses	nsubj
33	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 tastes	conj
34	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	33 uses	obj
35	only	only	ADV	_	40 enemies	advmod
36	against	against	ADP	_	40 enemies	case
37	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 like	obl:unmarked
38	-	-	PUNCT	_	37 dog	punct
39	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 enemies	amod
40	enemies	enemy	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 uses	obl
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 squirts	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	squirt	present	the horned lizard	blood and a metre	lizard's eyes	at dogs and coyotes	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination-Conative»: agent=Agent blood=Theme at dog=Destination
2	taste	present	the blood	dogs but birds		nasty property	vn seem-109 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Theme dog=Attribute
3	use	present	blood	this		against like enemies	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/14/