Defences: tricks and myths: playing dead, dropping tails, ink, and do ostriches bury their heads?, sentence 16

A camel's hump stores fat, not water, which gives energy when food is short, and the hump sags as the fat is used up; camels save water by hardly sweating and making dry dung, and can drink up to 100 litres at once.

Who acts: hump, water, food, camels · What happens: store, give, be, sag, use up, save · To what, where: fat, energy, water, dry dung

This is a sentence of the lesson «Defences: tricks and myths: playing dead, dropping tails, ink, and do ostriches bury their heads?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hump, water, food, camels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 camel	det
2	camel	camel	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hump	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 camel	case
4	hump	hump	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stores	nsubj
5	stores	store	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	fat	fat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stores	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 water	punct
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 water	advmod
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fat	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 gives	punct
11	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 gives	nsubj
12	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 water	acl:relcl
13	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 gives	obj
14	when	when	SCONJ	_	17 short	mark
15	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 short	nsubj
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 short	cop
17	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 gives	advcl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 sags	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 sags	cc
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 hump	det
21	hump	hump	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 sags	nsubj
22	sags	sag	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 gives	conj
23	as	as	SCONJ	_	27 used	mark
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 fat	det
25	fat	fat	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 used	nsubj:pass
26	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 used	aux:pass
27	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	22 sags	advcl
28	up	up	ADP	_	27 used	compound:prt
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 save	punct
30	camels	camel	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 save	nsubj
31	save	save	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 gives	parataxis
32	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 save	obj
33	by	by	SCONJ	_	35 sweating	mark
34	hardly	hardly	ADV	_	35 sweating	advmod
35	sweating	sweat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	31 save	advcl
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 making	cc
37	making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	35 sweating	conj
38	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	39 dung	amod
39	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 making	obj
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	43 drink	punct
41	and	and	CCONJ	_	43 drink	cc
42	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	43 drink	aux
43	drink	drink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	31 save	conj
44	up	up	ADP	_	43 drink	compound:prt
45	to	to	ADP	_	47 litres	case
46	100	100	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	47 litres	nummod
47	litres	litre	NOUN	Number=Plur	43 drink	obl
48	at	at	ADP	_	49 once	case
49	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	43 drink	obl
50	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 stores	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	store	present	a camel's hump	fat and water		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fat=Theme
2	give	present	water	energy		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme
3	is	present	food		short property	tree rules
4	sag	present	the hump			vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	use up	present · passive		the fat		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
6	save	present	camels	water		vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
7	sweat	gerund	camels not said here		hardly property	vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	make	gerund	camels not said here	dry dung		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset dung=Product
9	drink up	can	camels not said here		to 100 litres	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:249-defences-tricks-and-myths-playing-dead-dropping-tails-ink-and-ostriches.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/249-defences-tricks-and-myths-playing-dead-dropping-tails-ink-and-ostriches/16/