Horses, zebras and donkeys, sentence 13

Zebras defend themselves with powerful kicks and bites that can badly injure a lion, and they have never been tamed like horses.

Who acts: Zebras, powerful kicks · What happens: defend, injure, not tame · To what, where: zebra, lion

This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Zebras, powerful kicks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Zebras	zebra	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 defend	nsubj
2	defend	defend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	2 defend	obj
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 kicks	case
5	powerful	powerful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 kicks	amod
6	kicks	kick	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 defend	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 bites	cc
8	bites	bite	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 kicks	conj
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 injure	nsubj
10	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 injure	aux
11	badly	badly	ADV	Degree=Pos	12 injure	advmod
12	injure	injure	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 kicks	acl:relcl
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 lion	det
14	lion	lion	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 injure	obj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 tamed	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 tamed	cc
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 tamed	nsubj:pass
18	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 tamed	aux
19	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	21 tamed	advmod
20	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	21 tamed	aux:pass
21	tamed	tame	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 defend	conj
22	like	like	ADP	_	23 horses	case
23	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 tamed	obl
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 defend	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	defend	present	Zebras	zebra	with powerful kicks and bites	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary
2	injure	can	powerful kicks and bites	a lion	badly property	tree rules
3	not tame	present · perfect · passive		zebra	like horses	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/13/