Horses, zebras and donkeys, sentence 14
Donkeys bray to call other donkeys, and the sound can carry about 3 kilometres across their desert homeland.
Who acts: Donkeys, sound · What happens: bray, call, carry · To what, where: other donkeys, 3 kilometres, desert homeland · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Donkeys, sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Donkeys | donkey | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 bray | nsubj |
| 2 | bray | bray | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 4 call | mark |
| 4 | call | call | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 bray | advcl |
| 5 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 donkeys | amod |
| 6 | donkeys | donkey | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 call | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 carry | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 carry | cc |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 sound | det |
| 10 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 carry | nsubj |
| 11 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 carry | aux |
| 12 | carry | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 bray | conj |
| 13 | about | about | ADV | _ | 14 3 | advmod |
| 14 | 3 | 3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 kilometres | nummod |
| 15 | kilometres | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 carry | obl |
| 16 | across | across | ADP | _ | 19 homeland | case |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 homeland | nmod:poss |
| 18 | desert | desert | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 homeland | compound |
| 19 | homeland | homeland | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 carry | obl |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 bray | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bray | present | Donkeys | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | call | to-infinitive | Donkeys not said here | other donkeys | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent donkey=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | carry | can | the sound | 3 kilometres | zebra's desert homeland | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/14/