Horses, zebras and donkeys, sentence 16

A mule is the young of a donkey father and a horse mother; it is strong and sure-footed but almost never has young of its own.

Who acts: mule · What happens: be, not have · To what, where: young

This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mule), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 mule	det
2	mule	mule	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 young	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 young	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 young	det
5	young	young	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 father	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 father	det
8	donkey	donkey	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 father	compound
9	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 young	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 mother	cc
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 mother	det
12	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 mother	compound
13	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 father	conj
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 strong	punct
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 strong	nsubj
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 strong	cop
17	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 young	parataxis
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 sure	cc
19	sure	sure	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 strong	conj
20	-	-	PUNCT	_	19 sure	punct
21	footed	foot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 strong	conj
22	but	but	CCONJ	_	25 has	cc
23	almost	almost	ADV	_	24 never	advmod
24	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	25 has	advmod
25	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 young	conj
26	young	young	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 has	obj
27	of	of	ADP	_	29 own	case
28	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	29 own	nmod:poss
29	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 young	nmod
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 young	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a mule	the young	of a donkey father and a horse mother	tree rules
2	is	present	mule		strong property	tree rules
3	be		mule not said here			tree rules
4	be		mule not said here			tree rules
5	not have	present	a mule not said here	young of mule's own		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent young=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/16/