Horses, zebras and donkeys, sentence 5

Horses can sleep standing up because a locking system in their legs, the stay apparatus, holds them up, though they still lie down for short times for deep sleep.

Who acts: Horses, locking system, feet · What happens: sleep, stand up, hold up, lie down · To what, where: feet

This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Horses, locking system, feet), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sleep	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 sleep	aux
3	sleep	sleep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	standing	stand	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 sleep	xcomp
5	up	up	ADV	_	4 standing	compound:prt
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	18 holds	mark
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 system	det
8	locking	lock	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 system	compound
9	system	system	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 holds	nsubj
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 legs	case
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 legs	nmod:poss
12	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 system	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 apparatus	punct
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 apparatus	det
15	stay	stay	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 apparatus	compound
16	apparatus	apparatus	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 system	appos
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 system	punct
18	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sleep	advcl
19	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 holds	obj
20	up	up	ADP	_	18 holds	compound:prt
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 lie	punct
22	though	though	SCONJ	_	25 lie	mark
23	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 lie	nsubj
24	still	still	ADV	_	25 lie	advmod
25	lie	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 holds	advcl
26	down	down	ADV	_	25 lie	advmod
27	for	for	ADP	_	29 times	case
28	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 times	amod
29	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 lie	obl
30	for	for	ADP	_	32 sleep	case
31	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 sleep	amod
32	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 lie	obl
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sleep	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	can	Horses				tree rules
2	stand up	gerund	Horses not said here				vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	hold up	present	a locking system in feet's legs	feet = foot			vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot they=Theme
4	lie down	present	feet = foot		still; time	for deep sleep; down property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:025-horses-zebras-and-donkeys.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/5/