Plants deeper: roots and how they drink, hold and push, sentence 11

A plant on a windowsill bends towards the light because a chemical messenger moves to the shady side of the shoot and makes the cells there grow longer; Darwin and his son experimented on this with grass seedlings in the 1880s.

Who acts: plant, chemical messenger, cells, Darwin · What happens: bend, move, make, grow, experiment · To what, where: light, shady side, cells, this

This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: roots and how they drink, hold and push» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (plant, chemical messenger, cells, Darwin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 plant	det
2	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bends	nsubj
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 windowsill	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 windowsill	det
5	windowsill	windowsill	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 plant	nmod
6	bends	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	towards	towards	ADP	_	9 light	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 light	det
9	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bends	obl
10	because	because	SCONJ	_	14 moves	mark
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 messenger	det
12	chemical	chemical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 messenger	amod
13	messenger	messenger	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 moves	nsubj
14	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 bends	advcl
15	to	to	ADP	_	18 side	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 side	det
17	shady	shady	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 side	amod
18	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 moves	obl
19	of	of	ADP	_	21 shoot	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 shoot	det
21	shoot	shoot	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 side	nmod
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 makes	cc
23	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 moves	conj
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 cells	det
25	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 makes	obj
26	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	27 grow	advmod
27	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 makes	xcomp
28	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	27 grow	advmod
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	34 experimented	punct
30	Darwin	Darwin	PROPN	Number=Sing	34 experimented	nsubj
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 son	cc
32	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	33 son	nmod:poss
33	son	son	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 Darwin	conj
34	experimented	experiment	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 bends	conj
35	on	on	ADP	_	36 this	case
36	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	34 experimented	obl
37	with	with	ADP	_	39 seedlings	case
38	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 seedlings	compound
39	seedlings	seedling	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 experimented	obl
40	in	in	ADP	_	42 1880s	case
41	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	42 1880s	det
42	1880s	1880	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	34 experimented	obl
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 bends	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	bend	present	a plant on a windowsill		the light		vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards light=Location
2	move	present	a chemical messenger		the shady side of the shoot		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to side=Trajectory
3	make	present	a chemical messenger not said here	the cells			tree rules
4	grow	infinitive	the cells not said here		there	long property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	experiment	past	Darwin and messenger's son		this	with grass seedlings; in the 1880s	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:250-plants-deeper-roots-and-how-they-drink-hold-and-push.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/250-plants-deeper-roots-and-how-they-drink-hold-and-push/11/