Plants deeper: roots and how they drink, hold and push, sentence 3

Roots are slow but strong: they grow cell by cell, each cell swelling with water like a tiny balloon, and together they can lift a paving stone.

Who acts: Roots, hairs, cell · What happens: be, grow, swell, lift · To what, where: cell, paving stone

This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: roots and how they drink, hold and push» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roots, hairs, cell), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 slow	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 slow	cop
3	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	but	but	CCONJ	_	5 strong	cc
5	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 slow	conj
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	3 slow	punct
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 grow	nsubj
8	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 slow	parataxis
9	cell	cell	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 grow	obl:unmarked
10	by	by	ADP	_	11 cell	case
11	cell	cell	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cell	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 cell	punct
13	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	14 cell	det
14	cell	cell	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 cell	conj
15	swelling	swell	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 cell	acl
16	with	with	ADP	_	17 water	case
17	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 swelling	obl
18	like	like	ADP	_	21 balloon	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 balloon	det
20	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 balloon	amod
21	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 swelling	obl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 lift	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 lift	cc
24	together	together	ADV	_	27 lift	advmod
25	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 lift	nsubj
26	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	27 lift	aux
27	lift	lift	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 grow	parataxis
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 stone	det
29	paving	pave	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 stone	compound
30	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 lift	obj
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 slow	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	Roots		slow property	tree rules
2	be		Roots not said here			tree rules
3	grow	present	hairs = hair	cell by cell and each cell		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	swell	gerund	cell and each cell not said here		with water; like a tiny balloon	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
5	lift	can	hairs = hair	a paving stone	together property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:250-plants-deeper-roots-and-how-they-drink-hold-and-push.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/250-plants-deeper-roots-and-how-they-drink-hold-and-push/3/