Plants deeper: roots and how they drink, hold and push, sentence 5
Roots hold a plant in the ground and take in water and minerals; they grow down with gravity, towards water and away from light, and the roots of one rye plant, laid end to end, were measured at over 600 kilometres.
Who acts: Roots, water, one rye plant · What happens: hold, take in, grow down, laid, measure · To what, where: plant, ground, water, end, roots, 600 kilometres
This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: roots and how they drink, hold and push» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roots, water, one rye plant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Roots | root | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 hold | nsubj |
| 2 | hold | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 plant | det |
| 4 | plant | plant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 hold | obj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 ground | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 ground | det |
| 7 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 hold | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 take | cc |
| 9 | take | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 hold | conj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 take | compound:prt |
| 11 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 take | obj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 minerals | cc |
| 13 | minerals | mineral | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 water | conj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 grow | punct |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 grow | nsubj |
| 16 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 hold | parataxis |
| 17 | down | down | ADV | _ | 16 grow | advmod |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 gravity | case |
| 19 | gravity | gravity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 grow | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 water | punct |
| 21 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 22 water | case |
| 22 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 hold | obl |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 away | cc |
| 24 | away | away | ADV | _ | 22 water | conj |
| 25 | from | from | ADP | _ | 26 light | case |
| 26 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 away | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 measured | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 measured | cc |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 roots | det |
| 30 | roots | root | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 measured | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 plant | case |
| 32 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 34 plant | nummod |
| 33 | rye | rye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 plant | compound |
| 34 | plant | plant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 roots | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 end | punct |
| 36 | laid | laid | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 34 plant | acl |
| 37 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 laid | obl |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 39 end | case |
| 39 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 end | nmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 roots | punct |
| 41 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 measured | aux:pass |
| 42 | measured | measure | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 hold | conj |
| 43 | at | at | ADP | _ | 46 kilometres | case |
| 44 | over | over | ADV | _ | 45 600 | advmod |
| 45 | 600 | 600 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 46 kilometres | nummod |
| 46 | kilometres | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 measured | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 hold | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | present | Roots | a plant | the ground | towards water | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent plant=Theme in ground=Location | ||
| 2 | take in | present | Roots not said here | water and minerals | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme | ||||
| 3 | grow down | present | water | with gravity; down property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | laid | participle | one rye plant not said here | end to end | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | measure | past · passive | the roots of one rye plant | 600 kilometres | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: subject=Theme at kilometre=Value |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:250-plants-deeper-roots-and-how-they-drink-hold-and-push.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/250-plants-deeper-roots-and-how-they-drink-hold-and-push/5/