Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of air, sentence 18
Young sunflowers turn from east to west with the sun during the day and swing back at night; grown flower heads stay facing east, which warms them in the morning and brings more bees.
Who acts: Young sunflowers, grown flower heads · What happens: turn, swing back, grow, stay, face, warm · To what, where: east, heads, more bees
This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Young sunflowers, grown flower heads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 sunflowers | amod |
| 2 | sunflowers | sunflower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 turn | nsubj |
| 3 | turn | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 east | case |
| 5 | east | east | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 turn | obl |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 west | case |
| 7 | west | west | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 east | nmod |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 sun | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 sun | det |
| 10 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 turn | obl |
| 11 | during | during | ADP | _ | 13 day | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 day | det |
| 13 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 turn | obl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 swing | cc |
| 15 | swing | swing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 turn | conj |
| 16 | back | back | ADV | _ | 15 swing | advmod |
| 17 | at | at | ADP | _ | 18 night | case |
| 18 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 swing | obl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 stay | punct |
| 20 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 heads | amod |
| 21 | flower | flower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 heads | compound |
| 22 | heads | head | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 stay | nsubj |
| 23 | stay | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 turn | parataxis |
| 24 | facing | face | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 stay | xcomp |
| 25 | east | east | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 facing | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 warms | punct |
| 27 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 warms | nsubj |
| 28 | warms | warm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 facing | parataxis |
| 29 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 warms | obj |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 morning | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 morning | det |
| 32 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 warms | obl |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 brings | cc |
| 34 | brings | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 warms | conj |
| 35 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 36 bees | amod |
| 36 | bees | bee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 brings | obj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 turn | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | present | Young sunflowers | east to west | day | with the sun | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme from east=Trajectory | ||
| 2 | swing back | present | Young sunflowers not said here | night | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | grow | participle | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | stay | present | grown flower heads | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | face | gerund | grown flower heads not said here | east | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme east=Destination | ||||
| 6 | warm | present | heads = head | morning | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient | ||||
| 7 | bring | present | more bees | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument bee=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air/18/