Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of air, sentence 19
Pine needles are thin, tough and waxy, so they lose little water in winter when the ground is frozen; some bristlecone pine needles stay on the tree for over 40 years.
Who acts: Pine needles, needles, bristlecone pine needles · What happens: be, lose, freeze, stay · To what, where: little water, ground, tree
This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pine needles, needles, bristlecone pine needles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pine | pine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 needles | compound |
| 2 | needles | needle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 thin | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 thin | cop |
| 4 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 tough | punct |
| 6 | tough | tough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 thin | conj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 waxy | cc |
| 8 | waxy | waxy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 thin | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 lose | punct |
| 10 | so | so | ADV | _ | 12 lose | advmod |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 lose | nsubj |
| 12 | lose | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 thin | parataxis |
| 13 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 water | amod |
| 14 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 lose | obj |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 winter | case |
| 16 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 lose | obl |
| 17 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 21 frozen | advmod |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 ground | det |
| 19 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 frozen | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 frozen | aux:pass |
| 21 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 lose | advcl |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 stay | punct |
| 23 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 26 needles | det |
| 24 | bristlecone | bristlecone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 needles | compound |
| 25 | pine | pine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 needles | compound |
| 26 | needles | needle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 stay | nsubj |
| 27 | stay | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 thin | parataxis |
| 28 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 tree | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 tree | det |
| 30 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 stay | obl |
| 31 | for | for | ADP | _ | 34 years | case |
| 32 | over | over | ADV | _ | 33 40 | advmod |
| 33 | 40 | 40 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 34 years | nummod |
| 34 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 stay | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 thin | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Pine needles | thin property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | Pine needles not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | be | Pine needles not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | lose | present | needles = needle | little water | winter | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Eventuality | |||
| 5 | freeze | present · passive | the ground | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result | |||||
| 6 | stay | present | some bristlecone pine needles | the tree | year | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on tree=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air.lesson:19.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×2, R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air/19/