Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of air, sentence 8
Leaves use sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide from the air into sugar for food; this is called photosynthesis.
Who acts: Leaves · What happens: use, turn, call · To what, where: sunlight, water, air, this · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 use | nsubj |
| 2 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 use | obj |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 turn | mark |
| 5 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 use | advcl |
| 6 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 turn | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 dioxide | cc |
| 8 | carbon | carbon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 dioxide | compound |
| 9 | dioxide | dioxide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 water | conj |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 air | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 air | det |
| 12 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 turn | obl |
| 13 | into | into | ADP | _ | 14 sugar | case |
| 14 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 turn | obl |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 food | case |
| 16 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sugar | nmod |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 photosynthesis | punct |
| 18 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 20 called | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 called | aux:pass |
| 20 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 use | parataxis |
| 21 | photosynthesis | photosynthesis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 called | xcomp |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 use | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present | Leaves | sunlight | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sunlight=Patient | ||||
| 2 | turn | to-infinitive | Leaves not said here | water and carbon dioxide | the air | into sugar for food result | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.material PP.result»: agent=Agent water=Patient from air=Initial_State into sugar=Result | ||
| 3 | call | present · passive | this | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air/8/