Plants deeper: do trees talk? Fungi, warning smells and giant clones, sentence 14

The smell of cut grass is a chemical signal given off by the hurt grass; some plants chewed by caterpillars give off smells that call wasps which lay their eggs in caterpillars.

Who acts: smell, plants, smells, wasps, cut grass · What happens: be, give off, hurt, chew, call, lay · To what, where: chemical signal, plants, smells, wasps, eggs · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: do trees talk? Fungi, warning smells and giant clones» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (smell, plants, smells, wasps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 smell	det
2	smell	smell	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 signal	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 grass	case
4	cut	cut	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 grass	amod
5	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 smell	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 signal	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 signal	det
8	chemical	chemical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 signal	amod
9	signal	signal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 signal	acl
11	off	off	ADP	_	10 given	compound:prt
12	by	by	ADP	_	15 grass	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 grass	det
14	hurt	hurt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 grass	amod
15	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 given	obl
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 give	punct
17	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	18 plants	det
18	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 give	nsubj
19	chewed	chew	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 plants	acl
20	by	by	ADP	_	21 caterpillars	case
21	caterpillars	caterpillar	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 chewed	obl
22	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 signal	parataxis
23	off	off	ADP	_	22 give	compound:prt
24	smells	smell	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 give	obj
25	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	26 call	nsubj
26	call	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 smells	acl:relcl
27	wasps	wasp	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 call	obj
28	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	29 lay	nsubj
29	lay	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 wasps	acl:relcl
30	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	31 eggs	nmod:poss
31	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 lay	obj
32	in	in	ADP	_	33 caterpillars	case
33	caterpillars	caterpillar	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 lay	obl
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 signal	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the smell of cut grass	a chemical signal		tree rules
2	give off	participle		a chemical signal not said here	by the hurt grass	vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source
3	hurt	participle				vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
4	chew	participle		some plants not said here	by caterpillars	vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	give off	present	some plants	smells		vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source smell=Theme
6	call	present	smells	wasps		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent wasp=Recipient
7	lay	present	wasps	smells's eggs	in caterpillars	vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in caterpillar=Destination
8	smell		cut grass			nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:252-plants-deeper-do-trees-talk-fungi-warning-smells-and-giant-clones.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/252-plants-deeper-do-trees-talk-fungi-warning-smells-and-giant-clones/14/