Plants deeper: the oldest, tallest and strangest trees, sentence 10

Water rises in a tree because leaves lose water into the air and pull up a chain of water through thin tubes; water sticks together like a rope, and scientists think trees cannot grow much taller than about 120 to 130 metres.

Who acts: Water, leaves, scientists, trees · What happens: rise, lose, pull up, stick together, think, not grow · To what, where: tree, water, air, chain, thin tubes · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: the oldest, tallest and strangest trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Water, leaves, scientists, trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rises	nsubj
2	rises	rise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 tree	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 tree	det
5	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rises	obl
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 lose	mark
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 lose	nsubj
8	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 rises	advcl
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 lose	obj
10	into	into	ADP	_	12 air	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 air	det
12	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 lose	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 pull	cc
14	pull	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 lose	conj
15	up	up	ADP	_	14 pull	compound:prt
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 chain	det
17	chain	chain	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 pull	obj
18	of	of	ADP	_	19 water	case
19	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 chain	nmod
20	through	through	ADP	_	22 tubes	case
21	thin	thin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 tubes	amod
22	tubes	tube	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 pull	obl
23	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 sticks	punct
24	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 sticks	nsubj
25	sticks	stick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 rises	parataxis
26	together	together	ADV	_	25 sticks	advmod
27	like	like	ADP	_	29 rope	case
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 rope	det
29	rope	rope	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 sticks	obl
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 think	punct
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 think	cc
32	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 think	nsubj
33	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 rises	parataxis
34	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 grow	nsubj
35	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	37 grow	aux
36	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	37 grow	advmod
37	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	33 think	ccomp
38	much	much	ADV	_	39 taller	advmod
39	taller	tall	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	37 grow	xcomp
40	than	than	ADP	_	45 metres	case
41	about	about	ADV	_	42 120	advmod
42	120	120	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	45 metres	nummod
43	to	to	ADP	_	44 130	case
44	130	130	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	42 120	nmod
45	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 taller	obl
46	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 rises	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	rise	present	Water		a tree		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in tree=Location
2	lose	present	leaves	water	the air		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Eventuality
3	pull up	present	leaves not said here	a chain of water	thin tubes		vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chain=Theme
4	stick together	present	water			like a rope; together property	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
5	think speech: other	present	scientists				vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
6	not grow	can	trees			tall property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:253-plants-deeper-the-oldest-tallest-and-strangest-trees.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/253-plants-deeper-the-oldest-tallest-and-strangest-trees/10/