Plants deeper: the oldest, tallest and strangest trees, sentence 12

Some British yews may be 2,000 years old or more, like the Fortingall Yew in Scotland, but their age is hard to measure because they grow new trunks inside hollow old ones; almost all of a yew is poisonous except the red flesh of the berry.

Who acts: British yews, age, yews, all · What happens: be, measure, grow · To what, where: new trunks

This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: the oldest, tallest and strangest trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (British yews, age, yews, all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	3 yews	det
2	British	British	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 yews	amod
3	yews	yew	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 old	nsubj
4	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 old	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 old	cop
6	2,000	2000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 years	nummod
7	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 old	obl:unmarked
8	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 more	cc
10	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 old	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 Yew	punct
12	like	like	ADP	_	15 Yew	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Yew	det
14	Fortingall	Fortingall	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Yew	compound
15	Yew	yew	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 old	obl
16	in	in	ADP	_	17 Scotland	case
17	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Yew	nmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 hard	punct
19	but	but	CCONJ	_	23 hard	cc
20	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 age	nmod:poss
21	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 hard	nsubj
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 hard	cop
23	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 old	conj
24	to	to	PART	_	25 measure	mark
25	measure	measure	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 hard	csubj
26	because	because	SCONJ	_	28 grow	mark
27	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 grow	nsubj
28	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 measure	advcl
29	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 trunks	amod
30	trunks	trunk	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 grow	obj
31	inside	inside	ADP	_	34 ones	case
32	hollow	hollow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 ones	amod
33	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 ones	amod
34	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 grow	obl
35	;	;	PUNCT	_	42 poisonous	punct
36	almost	almost	ADV	_	37 all	advmod
37	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	42 poisonous	nsubj
38	of	of	ADP	_	40 yew	case
39	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	40 yew	det
40	yew	yew	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 all	nmod
41	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	42 poisonous	cop
42	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 old	conj
43	except	except	ADP	_	46 flesh	case
44	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	46 flesh	det
45	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	46 flesh	amod
46	flesh	flesh	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 poisonous	obl
47	of	of	ADP	_	49 berry	case
48	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	49 berry	det
49	berry	berry	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 flesh	nmod
50	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 old	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is	may	some British yews		year	like the Fortingall Yew in Scotland; old property	tree rules
2	be		some British yews not said here				tree rules
3	is	present	yews's age			hard property	tree rules
4	measure	to-infinitive					vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
5	grow	present	yews = yew	new trunks		inside hollow old ones	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location trunk=Theme
6	is	present	all			except the red flesh of the berry; poisonous property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:253-plants-deeper-the-oldest-tallest-and-strangest-trees.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/253-plants-deeper-the-oldest-tallest-and-strangest-trees/12/