Plants deeper: the oldest, tallest and strangest trees, sentence 14

Bonsai are ordinary trees kept small by careful cutting of roots and branches in small pots, not special tiny kinds, and some bonsai are hundreds of years old.

Who acts: Bonsai, roots · What happens: be, keep, cut · To what, where: ordinary trees

This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: the oldest, tallest and strangest trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bonsai, roots), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bonsai	bonsai	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 trees	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 trees	cop
3	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 trees	amod
4	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 trees	acl
6	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 kept	xcomp
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 cutting	case
8	careful	careful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 cutting	amod
9	cutting	cutting	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 kept	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 roots	case
11	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 cutting	nmod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 branches	cc
13	branches	branch	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 roots	conj
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 pots	case
15	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 pots	amod
16	pots	pot	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 branches	nmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 kinds	punct
18	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	21 kinds	advmod
19	special	special	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 kinds	amod
20	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 kinds	amod
21	kinds	kind	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 roots	conj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 bonsai	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 bonsai	cc
24	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	25 bonsai	det
25	bonsai	bonsai	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 trees	conj
26	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 old	cop
27	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 old	obl:unmarked
28	of	of	ADP	_	29 years	case
29	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 hundreds	nmod
30	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 trees	conj
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 trees	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Bonsai	ordinary trees and some bonsai		tree rules
2	keep	participle		ordinary trees and some bonsai not said here	by careful cutting of roots and branches in small pots and special tiny kinds; small property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent by cutting=Location
3	is	present	Bonsai not said here		hundreds of years obl:unmarked; old property	tree rules
4	cut		roots and branches in small pots and special tiny kinds			nom cutting «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:253-plants-deeper-the-oldest-tallest-and-strangest-trees.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/253-plants-deeper-the-oldest-tallest-and-strangest-trees/14/