Plants deeper: the oldest, tallest and strangest trees, sentence 3
A tree has no pump, yet water climbs a hundred metres: leaves lose water into the air and pull up a thin chain of water from the roots, like sucking on a very long straw.
Who acts: tree, water, leaves · What happens: have, climb, lose, pull up, suck · To what, where: pump, hundred metres, water, air, thin chain, roots
This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: the oldest, tallest and strangest trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tree, water, leaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 tree | det |
| 2 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 5 pump | det |
| 5 | pump | pump | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 climbs | punct |
| 7 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 9 climbs | cc |
| 8 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 climbs | nsubj |
| 9 | climbs | climb | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 has | conj |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 metres | det |
| 11 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 metres | nummod |
| 12 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 climbs | obj |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 lose | punct |
| 14 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 lose | nsubj |
| 15 | lose | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 climbs | parataxis |
| 16 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 lose | obj |
| 17 | into | into | ADP | _ | 19 air | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 air | det |
| 19 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 lose | obl |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 pull | cc |
| 21 | pull | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 lose | conj |
| 22 | up | up | ADP | _ | 21 pull | compound:prt |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 chain | det |
| 24 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 chain | amod |
| 25 | chain | chain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 pull | obj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 water | case |
| 27 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 chain | nmod |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 roots | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 roots | det |
| 30 | roots | root | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 pull | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 sucking | punct |
| 32 | like | like | SCONJ | _ | 33 sucking | mark |
| 33 | sucking | suck | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 pull | advcl |
| 34 | on | on | ADP | _ | 38 straw | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 straw | det |
| 36 | very | very | ADV | _ | 37 long | advmod |
| 37 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 straw | amod |
| 38 | straw | straw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 sucking | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | a tree | no pump | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pump=Patient | ||||
| 2 | climb | present | water | a hundred metres | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location metre=Theme | ||||
| 3 | lose | present | leaves | water | the air | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | pull up | present | leaves not said here | a thin chain of water | the roots | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent chain=Theme from root=Initial_Location | |||
| 5 | suck | gerund | leaves not said here | on a long straw | vn chew-39.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent on straw=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:253-plants-deeper-the-oldest-tallest-and-strangest-trees.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/253-plants-deeper-the-oldest-tallest-and-strangest-trees/3/