Plants deeper: the oldest, tallest and strangest trees, sentence 4
Some trees are strange in other ways: a baobab stores water in a fat trunk, a banyan grows a forest of trunks, and some trees were known only as fossils until living ones were found.
Who acts: trees, baobab, banyan · What happens: be, store, grow, know, find · To what, where: other ways, water, fat trunk, forest, trees, living ones
This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: the oldest, tallest and strangest trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trees, baobab, banyan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 trees | det |
| 2 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 strange | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 strange | cop |
| 4 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 ways | case |
| 6 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 ways | amod |
| 7 | ways | way | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 strange | obl |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 strange | punct |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 baobab | det |
| 10 | baobab | baobab | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 stores | nsubj |
| 11 | stores | store | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 strange | parataxis |
| 12 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 stores | obj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 trunk | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 trunk | det |
| 15 | fat | fat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 trunk | amod |
| 16 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 stores | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 grows | punct |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 banyan | det |
| 19 | banyan | banyan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 grows | nsubj |
| 20 | grows | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 stores | conj |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 forest | det |
| 22 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 grows | obj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 trunks | case |
| 24 | trunks | trunk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 forest | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 known | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 known | cc |
| 27 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 28 trees | det |
| 28 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 known | nsubj:pass |
| 29 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 known | aux:pass |
| 30 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 grows | conj |
| 31 | only | only | ADV | _ | 33 fossils | advmod |
| 32 | as | as | ADP | _ | 33 fossils | case |
| 33 | fossils | fossil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 known | obl |
| 34 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 38 found | mark |
| 35 | living | live | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 ones | amod |
| 36 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 found | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 found | aux:pass |
| 38 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 known | advcl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 strange | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | some trees | other ways | strange property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | store | present | a baobab | water | a fat trunk | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent water=Theme in trunk=Location | |||
| 3 | grow | present | a banyan | a forest of trunks | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location forest=Theme | ||||
| 4 | know | past · passive | some trees | as fossils | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus as fossil=Attribute | ||||
| 5 | find | past · passive | living ones | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:253-plants-deeper-the-oldest-tallest-and-strangest-trees.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/253-plants-deeper-the-oldest-tallest-and-strangest-trees/4/