Plants deeper: carnivorous plants that count, slip and suck, sentence 8
Each snap costs a lot of energy, a trap takes many hours to reopen, and a trap can only close a few times before it dies, so poking flytraps with a pencil harms them.
Who acts: snap, trap, poking · What happens: cost, take, reopen, close, die, poke · To what, where: lot, flytraps, touches
This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants deeper: carnivorous plants that count, slip and suck» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (snap, trap, poking), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 snap | det |
| 2 | snap | snap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 costs | nsubj |
| 3 | costs | cost | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 lot | det |
| 5 | lot | lot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 costs | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 energy | case |
| 7 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 lot | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 takes | punct |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 trap | det |
| 10 | trap | trap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 takes | nsubj |
| 11 | takes | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 costs | conj |
| 12 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 hours | amod |
| 13 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 takes | obj |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 reopen | mark |
| 15 | reopen | reopen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 takes | advcl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 close | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 close | cc |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 trap | det |
| 19 | trap | trap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 close | nsubj |
| 20 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 close | aux |
| 21 | only | only | ADV | _ | 22 close | advmod |
| 22 | close | close | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 costs | conj |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 times | det |
| 24 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 times | amod |
| 25 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 close | obl:unmarked |
| 26 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 28 dies | mark |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 dies | nsubj |
| 28 | dies | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 close | advcl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 harms | punct |
| 30 | so | so | ADV | _ | 36 harms | advmod |
| 31 | poking | poke | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 36 harms | csubj |
| 32 | flytraps | flytrap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 poking | obj |
| 33 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 pencil | case |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 pencil | det |
| 35 | pencil | pencil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 poking | obl |
| 36 | harms | harm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 costs | conj |
| 37 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 harms | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 costs | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cost | present | each snap | a lot of energy | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme lot=Value | ||||
| 2 | take | present | a trap | hour | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | reopen | to-infinitive | a trap not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | close | can | a trap | time | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | die | present | trap | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 6 | poke | gerund | flytraps | with a pencil | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.instsrument»: agent=Agent flytrap=Theme with pencil=Instrument | ||||
| 7 | harm | present | poking | touches = touch | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:254-plants-deeper-carnivorous-plants-that-count-slip-and-suck.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/254-plants-deeper-carnivorous-plants-that-count-slip-and-suck/8/