The microscopic world: cells, the building blocks of life, sentence 12
Nerve cells carry messages fast from one part of the body to another, and some are very long; one runs from the bottom of your spine to your big toe, about a metre, and a giraffe has nerve cells several metres long.
Who acts: Nerve cells, some, one, giraffe · What happens: carry, be, run, have · To what, where: messages, one part, metre, bottom, nerve cells
This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: cells, the building blocks of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nerve cells, some, one, giraffe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nerve | nerve | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 cells | compound |
| 2 | cells | cell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 carry | nsubj |
| 3 | carry | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | messages | message | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 carry | obj |
| 5 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 carry | advmod |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 part | case |
| 7 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 part | nummod |
| 8 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 carry | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 body | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 body | det |
| 11 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 part | nmod |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 another | case |
| 13 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 3 carry | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 long | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 long | cc |
| 16 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 19 long | nsubj |
| 17 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 long | cop |
| 18 | very | very | ADV | _ | 19 long | advmod |
| 19 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 carry | conj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 runs | punct |
| 21 | one | one | PRON | _ | 22 runs | nsubj |
| 22 | runs | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 carry | conj |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 25 bottom | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 bottom | det |
| 25 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 runs | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 spine | case |
| 27 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 spine | nmod:poss |
| 28 | spine | spine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 bottom | nmod |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 32 toe | case |
| 30 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 toe | nmod:poss |
| 31 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 toe | amod |
| 32 | toe | toe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 runs | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 metre | punct |
| 34 | about | about | ADV | _ | 36 metre | advmod |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 metre | det |
| 36 | metre | metre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 runs | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 has | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 has | cc |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 giraffe | det |
| 40 | giraffe | giraffe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 has | nsubj |
| 41 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 carry | conj |
| 42 | nerve | nerve | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 cells | compound |
| 43 | cells | cell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 has | obj |
| 44 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 metres | amod |
| 45 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 long | obl:unmarked |
| 46 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 41 has | advmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 carry | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | carry | present | Nerve cells | messages | one part of the body | to another; fast property | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent message=Theme from part=Initial_Location to another=Destination | ||
| 2 | is | present | some | long property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | run | present | one | a metre | the bottom of your spine | to your big toe result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to toe=Result | ||
| 4 | have | present | a giraffe | nerve cells | long property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cell=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:256-the-microscopic-world-cells-the-building-blocks-of-life.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/256-the-microscopic-world-cells-the-building-blocks-of-life/12/