The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines, sentence 1

On its own a virus cannot grow, eat or copy itself, so scientists still argue whether it is alive; it has to get inside a living cell and trick the cell into building copies of the virus.

Who acts: virus, scientists · What happens: not grow, eat, copy, argue, be, have · To what, where: own, virus, living cell, cell, building copies · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (virus, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	On	on	ADP	_	5 virus	case
2	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 own	nmod:poss
3	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 grow	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 virus	det
5	virus	virus	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 grow	nsubj
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 grow	aux
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 grow	advmod
8	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 eat	punct
10	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	8 grow	conj
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 copy	cc
12	copy	copy	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	10 eat	conj
13	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	12 copy	obj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 argue	punct
15	so	so	ADV	_	18 argue	advmod
16	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 argue	nsubj
17	still	still	ADV	_	18 argue	advmod
18	argue	argue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 copy	advcl
19	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	22 alive	mark
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 alive	nsubj
21	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 alive	cop
22	alive	alive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 argue	ccomp
23	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 has	punct
24	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 has	nsubj
25	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 grow	conj
26	to	to	PART	_	27 get	mark
27	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 has	xcomp
28	inside	inside	ADP	_	31 cell	case
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 cell	det
30	living	living	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 cell	compound
31	cell	cell	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 get	obl
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 trick	cc
33	trick	trick	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	27 get	conj
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 cell	det
35	cell	cell	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 trick	obj
36	into	into	ADP	_	38 copies	case
37	building	building	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 copies	compound
38	copies	copy	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 trick	obl
39	of	of	ADP	_	41 virus	case
40	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	41 virus	det
41	virus	virus	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 copies	nmod
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 grow	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not grow	can	a virus	packet's own				vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	eat	infinitive	a virus not said here					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	copy	infinitive	a virus not said here	virus				vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Theme
4	argue speech: disagree	present	scientists			still		vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	is	present	virus				alive property	tree rules
6	have	present	virus					tree rules
7	get	to-infinitive	virus not said here		a living cell			vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
8	trick	infinitive	virus not said here	the cell			into building copies of the virus result	vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent cell=Patient into copy=Result
9	copy			the virus				nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/1/