The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines, sentence 2
When your friend sneezes and you catch his cold, viruses in tiny drops got into the cells of your nose, and soon those cells were busy making more viruses instead of doing their own job.
Who acts: friend, you, viruses, cells, drops · What happens: sneeze, catch, get, be, make, do · To what, where: cold, cells, more viruses, own job
This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend, you, viruses, cells), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 4 sneezes | mark |
| 2 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 friend | nmod:poss |
| 3 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sneezes | nsubj |
| 4 | sneezes | sneeze | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 got | advcl |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 catch | cc |
| 6 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 7 catch | nsubj |
| 7 | catch | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 sneezes | conj |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 cold | nmod:poss |
| 9 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 catch | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 got | punct |
| 11 | viruses | virus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 got | nsubj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 drops | case |
| 13 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 drops | amod |
| 14 | drops | drop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 viruses | nmod |
| 15 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 16 | into | into | ADP | _ | 18 cells | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 cells | det |
| 18 | cells | cell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 got | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 nose | case |
| 20 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 nose | nmod:poss |
| 21 | nose | nose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 cells | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 busy | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 busy | cc |
| 24 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 28 busy | advmod |
| 25 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 26 cells | det |
| 26 | cells | cell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 busy | nsubj |
| 27 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 busy | cop |
| 28 | busy | busy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 got | conj |
| 29 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 busy | advcl |
| 30 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 31 viruses | amod |
| 31 | viruses | virus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 making | obj |
| 32 | instead | instead | ADV | ExtPos=SCONJ | 34 doing | mark |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 instead | fixed |
| 34 | doing | do | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 making | advcl |
| 35 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 job | nmod:poss |
| 36 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 job | amod |
| 37 | job | job | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 doing | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 got | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sneeze | present | your friend | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | catch | present | you | friend's cold | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Theme | ||||
| 3 | get | past | viruses in tiny drops | the cells of your nose | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into cell=Destination | ||||
| 4 | is | past | that cells | busy, soon property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | make | gerund | that cells not said here | more viruses | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset virus=Product | ||||
| 6 | do | gerund | that cells not said here | drops's own job | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality | ||||
| 7 | job | drops = drop | nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/2/