The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines, sentence 5

Colds are caused by viruses spread by sneezes, coughs and touching hands and then faces, and there are over 200 kinds of cold virus, so you keep catching new ones.

Who acts: viruses, 200 kinds, you · What happens: cause, spread, touch, be, keep, catch · To what, where: Colds, viruses, hands, new ones

This is a sentence of the lesson «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (viruses, 200 kinds, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Colds	cold	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 caused	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 caused	aux:pass
3	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 viruses	case
5	viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 caused	obl:agent
6	spread	spread	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 viruses	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 sneezes	case
8	sneezes	sneeze	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 spread	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 coughs	punct
10	coughs	cough	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 sneezes	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 touching	cc
12	touching	touch	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 caused	conj
13	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 touching	obj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 faces	cc
15	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	16 faces	advmod
16	faces	face	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 hands	conj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 are	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 are	cc
19	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	20 are	expl
20	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 caused	conj
21	over	over	ADV	_	22 200	advmod
22	200	200	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	23 kinds	nummod
23	kinds	kind	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 are	nsubj
24	of	of	ADP	_	26 virus	case
25	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 virus	amod
26	virus	virus	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 kinds	nmod
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 keep	punct
28	so	so	ADV	_	30 keep	advmod
29	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	30 keep	nsubj
30	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 are	parataxis
31	catching	catch	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	30 keep	xcomp
32	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 ones	amod
33	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 catching	obj
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 caused	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	cause	present · passive	viruses	Colds			vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient
2	spread	participle		viruses not said here		by sneezes and coughs	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by sneeze=Location
3	touch	gerund	viruses not said here	hands and faces			vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme hand=Co-Theme
4	does	present	200 kinds of cold virus		there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	keep	present	you				tree rules
6	catch	gerund	you not said here	new ones			vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/5/