Whales, sentence 10

Male humpbacks sing long songs that can last for hours; the males in one ocean area sing nearly the same song, and it slowly changes year by year.

Who acts: Male humpbacks, long songs, males, whale · What happens: sing, last, change · To what, where: long songs, same song

This is a sentence of the lesson «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Male humpbacks, long songs, males, whale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 humpbacks	amod
2	humpbacks	humpback	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sing	nsubj
3	sing	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 songs	amod
5	songs	song	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sing	obj
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 last	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 last	aux
8	last	last	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 songs	acl:relcl
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 hours	case
10	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 last	obl
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 males	punct
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 males	det
13	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 sing	nsubj
14	in	in	ADP	_	17 area	case
15	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	17 area	nummod
16	ocean	ocean	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 area	compound
17	area	area	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 males	nmod
18	sing	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sing	conj
19	nearly	nearly	ADV	_	22 song	advmod
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 song	det
21	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 song	amod
22	song	song	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 sing	obj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 changes	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 changes	cc
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 changes	nsubj
26	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	27 changes	advmod
27	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 sing	conj
28	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 changes	obl:unmarked
29	by	by	ADP	_	30 year	case
30	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 year	nmod
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sing	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	present	Male humpbacks	long songs			vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme
2	last	can	long songs		hour		vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
3	sing speech: express	present	the males in one ocean area	the same song			vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme
4	change	present	whale		year	slowly property	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:026-whales.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/10/