Whales, sentence 11

Sperm whales dive more than 1,000 metres deep, can hold their breath for over an hour, hunt squid using clicks, and have the biggest brain of any animal, around 8 kilograms.

Who acts: Sperm whales · What happens: dive, hold, hunt, use, have · To what, where: 8 kilograms, breath, squid, clicks, biggest brain

This is a sentence of the lesson «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sperm whales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sperm	sperm	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 whales	compound
2	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dive	nsubj
3	dive	dive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	6 1,000	advmod
5	than	than	ADP	_	4 more	fixed
6	1,000	1000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 metres	nummod
7	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 deep	obl
8	deep	deep	ADV	_	3 dive	advmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 hold	punct
10	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 hold	aux
11	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 dive	conj
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 breath	nmod:poss
13	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 hold	obj
14	for	for	ADP	_	17 hour	case
15	over	over	ADP	_	17 hour	case
16	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 hour	det
17	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 hold	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 hunt	punct
19	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dive	conj
20	squid	squid	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 hunt	obj
21	using	use	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	19 hunt	advcl
22	clicks	click	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 using	obj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 have	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 have	cc
25	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dive	conj
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 brain	det
27	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	28 brain	amod
28	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 have	obj
29	of	of	ADP	_	31 animal	case
30	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	31 animal	det
31	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 brain	nmod
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 kilograms	punct
33	around	around	ADV	_	34 8	advmod
34	8	8	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	35 kilograms	nummod
35	kilograms	kilogram	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dive	obl
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 dive	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	dive	present	Sperm whales	8 kilograms		deep property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	hold	can	Sperm whales not said here	metres's breath	hour		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme
3	hunt	present	Sperm whales not said here	squid			vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent squid=Theme
4	use	gerund	Sperm whales not said here	clicks			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent click=Patient
5	have	present	Sperm whales not said here	the biggest brain of any animal			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brain=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:026-whales.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/11/