Whales, sentence 12

Breaching means leaping out of the water; scientists think whales do it to signal, show off or knock off skin pests.

Who acts: scientists, whales · What happens: breach, mean, leap out, think, do, signal · To what, where: water, skin pests · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists, whales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Breaching	breach	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 think	parataxis
3	leaping	leap	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 means	xcomp
4	out	out	ADP	_	7 water	case
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 water	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 water	det
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 leaping	obl
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	1 Breaching	punct
9	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 think	nsubj
10	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 do	nsubj
12	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 think	ccomp
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 do	obj
14	to	to	PART	_	15 signal	mark
15	signal	signal	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 do	advcl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 show	punct
17	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 signal	conj
18	off	off	ADP	_	17 show	compound:prt
19	or	or	CCONJ	_	20 knock	cc
20	knock	knock	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 signal	conj
21	off	off	ADP	_	20 knock	compound:prt
22	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 pests	compound
23	pests	pest	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 knock	obj
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 think	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	breach	gerund			tree rules
2	mean	present			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	leap out not said to happen	gerund		the water	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme water=Trajectory
4	think speech: other	present	scientists		vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
5	do	present	whales	water	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
6	signal speech: other	to-infinitive	whales not said here		vn instr_communication-37.4.1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
7	show off	infinitive	whales not said here		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	knock off	infinitive	whales not said here	skin pests	vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pest=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:026-whales.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/12/