Whales, sentence 4

Its tail flukes beat up and down, not side to side like a fish, because the backbones of its land ancestors bent up and down when they ran.

Who acts: tail flukes, backbones · What happens: beat up, not side, side, bent, run

This is a sentence of the lesson «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tail flukes, backbones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 flukes	nmod:poss
2	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flukes	compound
3	flukes	fluke	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 beat	nsubj
4	beat	beat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	up	up	ADV	_	4 beat	advmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 down	cc
7	down	down	ADV	_	5 up	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 side	punct
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 side	advmod
10	side	side	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 beat	conj
11	to	to	ADP	_	12 side	case
12	side	side	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 side	xcomp
13	like	like	ADP	_	15 fish	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 fish	det
15	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 side	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 bent	punct
17	because	because	SCONJ	_	24 bent	mark
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 backbones	det
19	backbones	backbone	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 bent	nsubj
20	of	of	ADP	_	23 ancestors	case
21	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 ancestors	nmod:poss
22	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 ancestors	compound
23	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 backbones	nmod
24	bent	bent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 beat	advcl
25	up	up	ADV	_	24 bent	advmod
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 down	cc
27	down	down	ADV	_	25 up	conj
28	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	30 ran	advmod
29	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 ran	nsubj
30	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 bent	advcl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 beat	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	beat up	present	whale's tail flukes		vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not side	infinitive	whale's tail flukes not said here		tree rules
3	side	infinitive	whale's tail flukes not said here	like a fish	vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent
4	bent	past	the backbones of whale's land ancestors		tree rules
5	run	past	backbones = backbone		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:026-whales.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/26-whales/4/