The human body deeper: the brain and nerves, sentence 18

Fat wraps fast nerves like insulation on a wire, and a stubbed toe hurts in two waves: a sharp first pain and a slower dull ache, because the two messages travel along different nerves at different speeds.

Who acts: Fat, stubbed toe, two messages · What happens: wrap, stub, hurt, travel · To what, where: fast nerves, two waves, different speeds

This is a sentence of the lesson «The human body deeper: the brain and nerves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fat, stubbed toe, two messages), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fat	fat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 wraps	nsubj
2	wraps	wrap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	fast	fast	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 nerves	amod
4	nerves	nerve	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 wraps	obj
5	like	like	ADP	_	6 insulation	case
6	insulation	insulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 wraps	obl
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 wire	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 wire	det
9	wire	wire	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 insulation	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 hurts	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 hurts	cc
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 toe	det
13	stubbed	stub	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 toe	amod
14	toe	toe	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 hurts	nsubj
15	hurts	hurt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 wraps	conj
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 waves	case
17	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 waves	nummod
18	waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 hurts	obl
19	:	:	PUNCT	_	23 pain	punct
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 pain	det
21	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 pain	amod
22	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	23 pain	amod
23	pain	pain	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 waves	appos
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 ache	cc
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 ache	det
26	slower	slow	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	28 ache	amod
27	dull	dull	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 ache	amod
28	ache	ache	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 pain	conj
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 travel	punct
30	because	because	SCONJ	_	34 travel	mark
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 messages	det
32	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	33 messages	nummod
33	messages	message	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 travel	nsubj
34	travel	travel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 hurts	advcl
35	along	along	ADP	_	37 nerves	case
36	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 nerves	amod
37	nerves	nerve	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 travel	obl
38	at	at	ADP	_	40 speeds	case
39	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 speeds	amod
40	speeds	speed	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 travel	obl
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 wraps	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	wrap	present	Fat	fast nerves		like insulation on a wire	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent nerve=Theme
2	stub	participle					vn hurt-40.8.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer
3	hurt	present	a stubbed toe		two waves		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
4	travel	present	the two messages		different speeds	along different nerves	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along nerve=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:260-human-body-deeper-the-brain-and-nerves.lesson:18.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/260-human-body-deeper-the-brain-and-nerves/18/