The human body deeper: lungs, stomach and guts, sentence 7

The lungs have about 500 million tiny air sacs called alveoli, and spread out flat their surface would cover roughly half a tennis court; so many tiny sacs give far more surface for oxygen to pass through than one big bag could.

Who acts: lungs, million tiny air sacs, surface, many tiny sacs · What happens: have, call, spread out, cover, give, pass · To what, where: million tiny air sacs, alveoli, tennis court, more surface · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The human body deeper: lungs, stomach and guts» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lungs, million tiny air sacs, surface, many tiny sacs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 lungs	det
2	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	about	about	ADP	_	9 sacs	case
5	500	500	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 million	compound
6	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 sacs	nummod
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 sacs	amod
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sacs	compound
9	sacs	sac	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj
10	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 sacs	acl
11	alveoli	alveolus	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 called	xcomp
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 spread	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 spread	cc
14	spread	spread	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 have	conj
15	out	out	PART	_	14 spread	compound:prt
16	flat	flat	ADV	_	14 spread	advmod
17	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 surface	nmod:poss
18	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 cover	nsubj
19	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 cover	aux
20	cover	cover	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 have	conj
21	roughly	roughly	ADV	_	22 half	advmod
22	half	half	DET	NumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind	25 court	det:predet
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 court	det
24	tennis	tennis	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 court	compound
25	court	court	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 cover	obj
26	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 give	punct
27	so	so	ADV	_	28 many	advmod
28	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 sacs	amod
29	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 sacs	amod
30	sacs	sac	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 give	nsubj
31	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 cover	conj
32	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	33 more	advmod
33	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	34 surface	amod
34	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 give	obj
35	for	for	ADP	_	36 oxygen	case
36	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 surface	nmod
37	to	to	PART	_	38 pass	mark
38	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	34 surface	acl
39	through	through	ADP	_	43 bag	case
40	than	than	SCONJ	_	43 bag	mark
41	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	43 bag	nummod
42	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 bag	amod
43	bag	bag	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 could	nsubj
44	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	38 pass	advcl
45	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	the lungs	million tiny air sacs		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sac=Patient
2	call	participle	million tiny air sacs not said here	alveoli		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	spread out	participle	the lungs not said here		flat property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	cover	would	lungs's surface	half tennis court		vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme court=Destination
5	give	present	many tiny sacs	more surface	for oxygen	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent surface=Theme for oxygen=Asset
6	pass	to-infinitive	many tiny sacs not said here	more surface not said here		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:262-human-body-deeper-lungs-stomach-and-guts.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/262-human-body-deeper-lungs-stomach-and-guts/7/