The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin, sentence 12

People often say smiling takes fewer muscles than frowning, but it depends on the smile, and there is no good evidence either way.

Who acts: People, it, good evidence · What happens: say, smile, take, frown, depend, be · To what, where: fewer muscles, way · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, it, good evidence), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 say	nsubj
2	often	often	ADV	_	3 say	advmod
3	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	smiling	smile	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 takes	nsubj
5	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 say	ccomp
6	fewer	few	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 muscles	amod
7	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 takes	obj
8	than	than	SCONJ	_	9 frowning	mark
9	frowning	frown	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 takes	advcl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 depends	punct
11	but	but	CCONJ	_	13 depends	cc
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 depends	nsubj
13	depends	depend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 say	conj
14	on	on	ADP	_	16 smile	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 smile	det
16	smile	smile	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 depends	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 is	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 is	cc
19	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	20 is	expl
20	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 say	parataxis
21	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	23 evidence	det
22	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 evidence	amod
23	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 is	nsubj
24	either	either	DET	PronType=Ind	25 way	det
25	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 is	obl:unmarked
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 say	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	People			often property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	smile	gerund					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	take	present		fewer muscles			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent muscle=Theme
4	frown	gerund					vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	depend	present	it			on the smile	vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent on smile=Theme
6	be	present	no good evidence	either way	there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin/12/