The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin, sentence 14
Skin is the biggest organ, about 2 square metres on an adult; sunburn damages skin cells, which the body then sheds, and sun cream and a hat protect skin from harmful ultraviolet rays.
Who acts: Skin, sunburn, body, sun cream · What happens: be, damage, shed, protect · To what, where: biggest organ, skin cells, skin
This is a sentence of the lesson «The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Skin, sunburn, body, sun cream), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 organ | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 organ | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 organ | det |
| 4 | biggest | big | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 organ | amod |
| 5 | organ | organ | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 metres | punct |
| 7 | about | about | ADV | _ | 8 2 | advmod |
| 8 | 2 | 2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 metres | nummod |
| 9 | square | square | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 metres | compound |
| 10 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 organ | appos |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 13 adult | case |
| 12 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 adult | det |
| 13 | adult | adult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 metres | nmod |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 sunburn | punct |
| 15 | sunburn | sunburn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 damages | nsubj |
| 16 | damages | damage | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 organ | parataxis |
| 17 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 cells | compound |
| 18 | cells | cell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 damages | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 sheds | punct |
| 20 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 sheds | obj |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 body | det |
| 22 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 sheds | nsubj |
| 23 | then | then | ADV | _ | 24 sheds | advmod |
| 24 | sheds | shed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 cells | acl:relcl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 protect | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 protect | cc |
| 27 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 cream | compound |
| 28 | cream | cream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 protect | nsubj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 hat | cc |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 hat | det |
| 31 | hat | hat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 cream | conj |
| 32 | protect | protect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 damages | conj |
| 33 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 protect | obj |
| 34 | from | from | ADP | _ | 37 rays | case |
| 35 | harmful | harmful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 rays | amod |
| 36 | ultraviolet | ultraviolet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 rays | compound |
| 37 | rays | ray | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 protect | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 organ | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Skin | the biggest organ | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | damage | present | sunburn | skin cells | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cell=Patient | ||||
| 3 | shed | present | the body | skin cells | then | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location which=Source | |||
| 4 | protect | present | sun cream and a hat | skin | from harmful ultraviolet rays | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent skin=Beneficiary from ray=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin/14/