How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming, sentence 10

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a cloth seller rather than a trained scientist, made tiny single-lens microscopes that magnified about 200 times or more and showed living cells and bacteria.

Who acts: Antonie, tiny lens microscopes · What happens: train, make, magnify, show · To what, where: tiny lens microscopes, living cells

This is a sentence of the lesson «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Antonie, tiny lens microscopes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Antonie	Antonie	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 made	nsubj
2	van	Van	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Antonie	flat
3	Leeuwenhoek	Leeuwenhoek	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Antonie	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 seller	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 seller	det
6	cloth	cloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 seller	compound
7	seller	seller	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Antonie	appos
8	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	12 scientist	cc
9	than	than	ADP	_	8 rather	fixed
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 scientist	det
11	trained	train	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 scientist	amod
12	scientist	scientist	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 seller	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Antonie	punct
14	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
15	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 microscopes	amod
16	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 lens	amod
17	-	-	PUNCT	_	16 single	punct
18	lens	lens	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 microscopes	compound
19	microscopes	microscope	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 made	obj
20	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	21 magnified	nsubj
21	magnified	magnify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 microscopes	acl:relcl
22	about	about	ADV	_	23 200	advmod
23	200	200	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	24 times	nummod
24	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 magnified	obl:unmarked
25	or	or	CCONJ	_	26 more	cc
26	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	24 times	conj
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 showed	cc
28	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 magnified	conj
29	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 cells	amod
30	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 showed	obj
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 bacteria	cc
32	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 cells	conj
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 made	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	train	participle				vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	make	past	Antonie	tiny lens microscopes		vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent microscope=Product
3	magnify	past	tiny lens microscopes		time	vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
4	show	past	tiny lens microscopes not said here	living cells and bacteria		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent cell=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/10/