How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming, sentence 11
Wildlife filmmakers wait quietly in hides for weeks or months and use hidden cameras, drones and night cameras so as not to disturb animals; a single minute of film can take weeks.
Who acts: Wildlife filmmakers, single minute · What happens: wait, use, not disturb, take · To what, where: hides, hidden cameras, animals
This is a sentence of the lesson «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wildlife filmmakers, single minute), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wildlife | wildlife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 filmmakers | compound |
| 2 | filmmakers | filmmaker | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 wait | nsubj |
| 3 | wait | wait | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | quietly | quietly | ADV | _ | 3 wait | advmod |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 hides | case |
| 6 | hides | hide | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 wait | obl |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 weeks | case |
| 8 | weeks | week | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 wait | obl |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 months | cc |
| 10 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 weeks | conj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 use | cc |
| 12 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 wait | conj |
| 13 | hidden | hidden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 cameras | amod |
| 14 | cameras | camera | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 use | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 drones | punct |
| 16 | drones | drone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 cameras | conj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 cameras | cc |
| 18 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 cameras | compound |
| 19 | cameras | camera | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 cameras | conj |
| 20 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 24 disturb | mark |
| 21 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 24 disturb | mark |
| 22 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 disturb | advmod |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 disturb | mark |
| 24 | disturb | disturb | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 use | advcl |
| 25 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 disturb | obj |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 minute | punct |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 minute | det |
| 28 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 minute | amod |
| 29 | minute | minute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 take | nsubj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 film | case |
| 31 | film | film | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 minute | nmod |
| 32 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 take | aux |
| 33 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 wait | parataxis |
| 34 | weeks | week | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 take | obj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 wait | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wait | present | Wildlife filmmakers | hides | week | quietly property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hide=Location | ||
| 2 | use | present | Wildlife filmmakers not said here | hidden cameras and drones and night cameras | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent camera=Patient | ||||
| 3 | not disturb | to-infinitive | Wildlife filmmakers not said here | animals | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus animal=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | take | can | a single minute of film | week | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/11/