How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming, sentence 16
From 1960 Jane Goodall watched chimpanzees in Gombe, Tanzania, and saw one poke a grass stem into a termite mound to fish out termites, showing that chimps make and use tools; before that, many thought only humans made tools.
Who acts: Jane, one, chimps, many, humans · What happens: watch, see, poke, fish out, show, make · To what, where: chimpanzees, 1960, grass stem, termites, tools · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jane, one, chimps, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | From | from | ADP | _ | 2 1960 | case |
| 2 | 1960 | 1960 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 watched | obl |
| 3 | Jane | Jane | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 watched | nsubj |
| 4 | Goodall | Goodall | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Jane | flat |
| 5 | watched | watch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | chimpanzees | chimpanzee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 watched | obj |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 Gombe | case |
| 8 | Gombe | Gombe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 watched | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Tanzania | punct |
| 10 | Tanzania | Tanzania | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Gombe | appos |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 saw | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 saw | cc |
| 13 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 watched | conj |
| 14 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 15 poke | nsubj |
| 15 | poke | poke | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 saw | xcomp |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 stem | det |
| 17 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 stem | compound |
| 18 | stem | stem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 poke | obj |
| 19 | into | into | ADP | _ | 22 mound | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 mound | det |
| 21 | termite | termite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 mound | compound |
| 22 | mound | mound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 poke | obl |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 fish | mark |
| 24 | fish | fish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 poke | advcl |
| 25 | out | out | ADP | _ | 24 fish | compound:prt |
| 26 | termites | termite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 fish | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 showing | punct |
| 28 | showing | show | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 watched | advcl |
| 29 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 31 make | mark |
| 30 | chimps | chimp | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 make | nsubj |
| 31 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 showing | ccomp |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 use | cc |
| 33 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 make | conj |
| 34 | tools | tool | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 use | obj |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 40 thought | punct |
| 36 | before | before | ADP | _ | 37 that | case |
| 37 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 40 thought | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 that | punct |
| 39 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 thought | nsubj |
| 40 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 watched | parataxis |
| 41 | only | only | ADV | _ | 42 humans | advmod |
| 42 | humans | human | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 made | nsubj |
| 43 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 thought | ccomp |
| 44 | tools | tool | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 made | obj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 watched | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | watch | past | Jane | chimpanzees | 1960 | in Gombe | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chimpanzee=Theme | ||
| 2 | see | past | Jane not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | poke | infinitive | one | a grass stem | into a termite mound | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.patient»: agent=Agent stem=Instrument into mound=Patient | |||
| 4 | fish out | to-infinitive | one not said here | termites | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent termite=Theme | ||||
| 5 | show | gerund | Jane not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | make | present | chimps | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | |||||
| 7 | use | present | chimps not said here | tools | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Patient | ||||
| 8 | think speech: other | past | many | before that | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 9 | make | past | humans | tools | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/16/