How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming, sentence 3

A good experiment is a fair test that changes only one thing at a time, and good scientists repeat it, try to prove their own ideas wrong, and are not ashamed to say «I was wrong».

Who acts: good experiment, fair test, good scientists · What happens: be, change, repeat, try, prove, not be · To what, where: fair test, one thing, experiment, own ideas · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (good experiment, fair test, good scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 experiment	det
2	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 experiment	amod
3	experiment	experiment	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 test	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 test	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 test	det
6	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 test	amod
7	test	test	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 changes	nsubj
9	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 test	acl:relcl
10	only	only	ADV	_	12 thing	advmod
11	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 thing	nummod
12	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 changes	obj
13	at	at	ADP	_	15 time	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 time	det
15	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 changes	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 repeat	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 repeat	cc
18	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 scientists	amod
19	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 repeat	nsubj
20	repeat	repeat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 test	conj
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 repeat	obj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 try	punct
23	try	try	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 repeat	conj
24	to	to	PART	_	25 prove	mark
25	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 try	xcomp
26	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	28 ideas	nmod:poss
27	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 ideas	amod
28	ideas	idea	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 prove	obj
29	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 prove	xcomp
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 ashamed	punct
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 ashamed	cc
32	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	34 ashamed	cop
33	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	34 ashamed	advmod
34	ashamed	ashamed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 repeat	conj
35	to	to	PART	_	36 say	mark
36	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	34 ashamed	xcomp
37	«	«	PUNCT	_	40 wrong	punct
38	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	40 wrong	nsubj
39	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	40 wrong	cop
40	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 say	ccomp
41	»	»	PUNCT	_	40 wrong	punct
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 test	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a good experiment	a fair test			tree rules
2	change	present	a fair test	one thing	time		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient
3	repeat	present	good scientists	experiment			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
4	try	present	good scientists not said here				vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
5	prove not said to happen	to-infinitive	good scientists not said here	scientists's own ideas		wrong property	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Theme
6	not is	present	good scientists not said here			ashamed property	tree rules
7	say speech: assert	to-infinitive	good scientists not said here				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
8	is in a quote	past	good scientists = scientist			wrong property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/3/