Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms, sentence 10

A grown T. rex probably could not truly run fast, perhaps 15 to 25 kilometres an hour, because its legs would have broken under its weight; young ones were slimmer and faster.

Who acts: grown T. rex, young ones · What happens: grow, not run, break, be · To what, where: 15 kilometres, legs, weight

This is a sentence of the lesson «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grown T. rex, young ones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 rex	det
2	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 rex	amod
3	T.	T.	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 rex	compound
4	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 run	nsubj
5	probably	probably	ADV	_	9 run	advmod
6	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 run	aux
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 run	advmod
8	truly	truly	ADV	_	9 run	advmod
9	run	run	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	9 run	advmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 hour	punct
12	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	9 run	advmod
13	15	15	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	16 kilometres	nummod
14	to	to	ADP	_	15 25	case
15	25	25	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 15	nmod
16	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 run	obl
17	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 hour	det
18	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 run	obl:unmarked
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 broken	punct
20	because	because	SCONJ	_	25 broken	mark
21	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 legs	nmod:poss
22	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 broken	nsubj:pass
23	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 broken	aux
24	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	25 broken	aux
25	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 run	advcl
26	under	under	ADP	_	28 weight	case
27	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	28 weight	nmod:poss
28	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 broken	obl
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	33 slimmer	punct
30	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 ones	amod
31	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 slimmer	nsubj
32	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	33 slimmer	cop
33	slimmer	slim	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 run	parataxis
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 faster	cc
35	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	33 slimmer	conj
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 run	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	participle						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not run	could	a grown T. rex	15 kilometres		hour	fast, perhaps, probably, truly property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	break	would · perfect · passive		eater's legs	eater's weight			vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
4	is	past	young ones				slim property	tree rules
5	be		young ones not said here					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/10/