Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms, sentence 16

Growth lines in T. rex bones show it lived to about 28 to 30 years, and as a teenager it gained up to two kilograms a day.

Who acts: Growth lines, coprolite · What happens: show, live, gain up · To what, where: two kilograms · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Growth lines, coprolite), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Growth	growth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lines	compound
2	lines	line	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 show	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	6 bones	case
4	T.	T.	PROPN	_	6 bones	compound
5	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bones	compound
6	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lines	nmod
7	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 lived	nsubj
9	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 show	ccomp
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 28	case
11	about	about	ADV	_	12 28	advmod
12	28	28	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 lived	obl
13	to	to	ADP	_	14 30	case
14	30	30	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 years	nummod
15	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 lived	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 gained	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 gained	cc
18	as	as	ADP	_	20 teenager	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 teenager	det
20	teenager	teenager	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 gained	obl
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 gained	nsubj
22	gained	gain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 lived	conj
23	up	up	ADP	_	22 gained	compound:prt
24	to	to	ADP	_	26 kilograms	case
25	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	26 kilograms	nummod
26	kilograms	kilogram	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 gained	obj
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 day	det
28	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 gained	obl:unmarked
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 show	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	Growth lines in T. rex bones				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	live	past	coprolite		year	to 28	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	gain up	past	coprolite	two kilograms	day	as a teenager	vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilogram=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/16/