The long-necked giants: Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus, Argentinosaurus and Brontosaurus, sentence 2

They did not crush themselves because their bones were full of air pockets, like a bird's, which made the skeleton lighter and helped them breathe.

Who acts: tonnes, bones, air pockets · What happens: not crush, be, make, help, breathe · To what, where: tonnes, skeleton

This is a sentence of the lesson «The long-necked giants: Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus, Argentinosaurus and Brontosaurus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tonnes, bones, air pockets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 crush	nsubj
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 crush	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 crush	advmod
4	crush	crush	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	4 crush	obj
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	10 full	mark
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 bones	nmod:poss
8	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 full	nsubj
9	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 full	cop
10	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 crush	advcl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 pockets	case
12	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 pockets	compound
13	pockets	pocket	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 full	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 bird	punct
15	like	like	ADP	_	17 bird	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 bird	det
17	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 pockets	nmod
18	's	's	PART	_	17 bird	case
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 made	punct
20	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	21 made	nsubj
21	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 pockets	acl:relcl
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 skeleton	det
23	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 made	obj
24	lighter	lighter	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	21 made	xcomp
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 helped	cc
26	helped	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 made	conj
27	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 helped	obj
28	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	26 helped	xcomp
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 crush	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not crush	past · do-support	tonnes = tonne	tonnes = tonne		vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient
2	is	past	tonnes's bones		of air pockets like a bird; full property	tree rules
3	make	past	air pockets like a bird	the skeleton	lighter property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset skeleton=Product
4	help	past	air pockets like a bird not said here	tonnes = tonne		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme
5	breathe	infinitive	tonnes = tonne not said here			vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:266-the-long-necked-giants-sauropods.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/266-the-long-necked-giants-sauropods/2/