Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus, Ankylosaurus and the duck-bills, sentence 0

Plant-eating dinosaurs could not run from every hunter, so many grew horns, frills, plates, spikes and clubs, and each one tells its own story.

Who acts: eating dinosaurs, many, one · What happens: eat, not run, grew, tell · To what, where: hunter, horns, own story · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus, Ankylosaurus and the duck-bills» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eating dinosaurs, many, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eating	compound
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 Plant	punct
3	eating	eat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 dinosaurs	amod
4	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 run	nsubj
5	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 run	aux
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 run	advmod
7	run	run	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 hunter	case
9	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	10 hunter	det
10	hunter	hunter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 run	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 horns	punct
12	so	so	ADV	_	13 many	advmod
13	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 grew	nsubj
14	grew	grew	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 run	parataxis
15	horns	horn	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 grew	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 frills	punct
17	frills	frill	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 horns	conj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 plates	punct
19	plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 horns	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 spikes	punct
21	spikes	spike	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 horns	conj
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 clubs	cc
23	clubs	club	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 spikes	conj
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 tells	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 tells	cc
26	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	27 one	det
27	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 tells	nsubj
28	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 run	parataxis
29	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	31 story	nmod:poss
30	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 story	amod
31	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 tells	obj
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 run	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	eat	gerund				vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	not run	could	eating dinosaurs		every hunter	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from hunter=Trajectory
3	grew	past	many	horns and frills and plates and spikes and clubs		tree rules
4	tell speech: assert	present	each one	hunter's own story		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs/0/