Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers and film mistakes, sentence 13

Microraptor had long feathers on its arms and legs, could glide between trees, and its feathers were shiny black like a starling's, which scientists could tell from tiny colour-holding shapes kept in the fossil feathers.

Who acts: Microraptor, feathers, scientists · What happens: have, glide, be, tell, hold, keep · To what, where: long feathers, arms, trees, starling, tiny colour holding shapes, fossil feathers · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers and film mistakes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Microraptor, feathers, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Microraptor	Microraptor	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 feathers	amod
4	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 had	obj
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 arms	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 arms	nmod:poss
7	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 had	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 legs	cc
9	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 arms	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 glide	punct
11	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 glide	aux
12	glide	glide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 had	conj
13	between	between	ADP	_	14 trees	case
14	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 glide	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 shiny	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 shiny	cc
17	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 feathers	nmod:poss
18	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 shiny	nsubj
19	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 shiny	cop
20	shiny	shiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 had	parataxis
21	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 shiny	amod
22	like	like	ADP	_	24 starling	case
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 starling	det
24	starling	starling	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 black	obl
25	's	's	PART	_	24 starling	case
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 tell	punct
27	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	30 tell	obj
28	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 tell	nsubj
29	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	30 tell	aux
30	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 starling	acl:relcl
31	from	from	ADP	_	36 shapes	case
32	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 shapes	amod
33	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 shapes	compound
34	-	-	PUNCT	_	36 shapes	punct
35	holding	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	36 shapes	amod
36	shapes	shape	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 tell	obl
37	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	36 shapes	acl
38	in	in	ADP	_	41 feathers	case
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	41 feathers	det
40	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 feathers	compound
41	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 kept	obl
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 had	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	past	Microraptor	long feathers	evidence's arms and legs		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient
2	glide	could	Microraptor not said here		trees		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between tree=Trajectory
3	is	past	evidence's feathers			shiny property	tree rules
4	tell speech: assert	could	scientists	a starling	tiny colour holding shapes		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent which=Recipient
5	hold	gerund					vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	keep	participle		tiny colour holding shapes not said here	the fossil feathers		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in feather=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor/13/